The Benefits of Occupational Therapy for Children with Autism

Introduction

More than 18 million people in India have Autistic Spectrum Disorder.

Many of them find it difficult to do everyday activities or communicate with the world. That's where autism occupational therapy comes in. It is a good practice for teaching kids with ASD how to be independent.

What are common problems faced by children with autism?

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. That means it affects the development of parts of the brain. However, autism or ASD is a large group of different conditions. So every autistic person doesn't face the same set of challenges.

• Communication:
  Many autistic children (and adults) don't develop language and communication skills like others. This makes it difficult for them to express their needs. It's also hard for them to interact with anyone.
• Expressing emotions:
  Some autistic children are unable to understand or express emotions. They are unable to recognize what they want. At the same time, they can't read what emotion another person is showing.
• Doing daily chores:
  Simple activities like eating, bathing, and combing can be challenging for many. This is due to their underdeveloped motor skills. So they remain dependent on family members.
• Overstimulation of the body's senses:
  Autistic children can be hyper or hypo-sensitive to sensory stimuli. This can be very uncomfortable for them. It also makes processing sensory information difficult for them.

Now, autism is not something to be “cured” but a condition to manage and make the most of.
And so, the earlier one gets an autism diagnosis, the easier their lives become. Individuals on the autistic spectrum can lead a better quality of life through meaningful intervention.

What is occupational therapy?

Occupational therapy's aim is to address specific problems faced by anyone with ASD. It’s beneficial for all age groups - kids, teens and adults. Therapists plan and design personalised treatment plans for everyone. They help with developing motor skills, social skills and understanding different sensations.

Key benefits of occupational therapy for those with autism

Teaching daily living skills

Occupational therapy for Autism helps children and adults alike with ASD develop important living skills. These include dressing, eating, and personal hygiene. For example, a child may learn how to button a shirt or prepare their food. This makes them more independent and instils self-esteem in them.

Enhancement of social skills

OT aids in improving social interactions and communication. Therapists use techniques like role-playing and social stories. It helps teach children how to express themselves better with peers and adults. These skills are crucial for building relationships and participating in social activities. It also makes the child open to asking for help, if needed.

Sensory processing and integration

Those with autism face sensory processing issues. They are either too sensitive to sensory stimuli or not sensitive enough. Occupational therapists work with those on the spectrum to help them understand and integrate sensory input. They perform activities like swinging, jumping, or playing with textured materials. It's almost like a "sensory diet". Children start small with understanding small sensory inputs. Over time, they get acclimated to larger sensory inputs like loud noises. This helps them focus and not get overwhelmed.

Motor skills development

Occupational therapy for Autismfocuses on both fine and gross motor skills. Children perform activities such as puzzles, writing exercises, and obstacle courses. These enhance coordination, strength, and dexterity. These skills are essential for tasks ranging from writing to using utensils to eat.

Behavioural and emotional regulation

Therapists use strategies to help those with ASD manage their emotions and behaviours. These techniques include deep breathing, visual schedules, and sensory breaks. And they can improve one's emotional regulation. Better behavioural control helps improve participation in public places like schools and markets.

Personalised therapy plans

One of the best things about autism occupational therapy is its individualised approach. Therapists assess each child's unique needs and develop customised intervention plans. They communicate with parents and caregivers too. This ensures that strategies are consistent and effective across different environments.

Occupational therapy - A success story

Read more about this and other autism success stories here - https://iahp.org/krishna-success-story/ 

Krishna was a 2-year-old, diagnosed with autism and developmental delay. He had severe speech issues and was often non-verbal.

He used to get frustrated and had frequent meltdowns. On multiple occasions, he tried to run out of his kindergarten classrooms.

Soon his parents enrolled him into speech and occupational therapy.

Over time, with the help of therapy, Krishna's speech improved, and he began to communicate effectively.

Now, Krishna also participates actively in his classes without having meltdowns. He is thriving in his learning environment and continues to make significant progress.

Conclusion

Occupational therapy for Autism offers great benefits for children and adults with autism. It equips them with essential skills that improve their quality of life.

The personalised nature of occupational therapy is one of the best features. Because it maximises their potential for growth and independence.

But it's important to remember that early autism diagnosis and intervention is crucial. This helps individuals with autism develop the skills necessary to live with confidence.

 Author: Trishita Chakraborty