Different Levels of Autism and Their Symptoms

Levels of autism describe how Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents across a wide range of abilities and support needs. But before that we need to know what ASD is.

ASD is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social interaction, communication, and patterns of restricted or repetitive behaviours, with each level reflecting varying degrees of intensity and assistance required.

With the introduction of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), these distinct diagnoses were unified under a single umbrella term—Autism Spectrum Disorder—while introducing levels of autism to better represent differences in support needs across the spectrum.

The Levels of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Levels of autism spectrum disorder refer to the degree of support individuals require across different domains of functioning. These levels are based on the severity of symptoms and the level of support needed to navigate daily life.

The three levels in autism spectrum disorder are often described as level 1, level 2, and level 3, reflecting varying degrees of impairment and support needs.

Level 1 Autism: Requiring Support

Autism Level 1, previously known as Asperger’s syndrome or mild autism, represents the mildest form of the disorder. Individuals with autism spectrum level 1 typically display noticeable impairments in social communication. But these may be less severe compared to higher levels. They may struggle with social interactions and exhibit repetitive behaviours or restricted interests, but they can usually function independently with appropriate support.

Autism Level 1 Symptoms

Autism level 1 symptoms typically include difficulties in social situations. This includes:

• Maintaining conversations
• Understanding nonverbal cues
• Developing friendships

Individuals may also exhibit repetitive behaviours or intense interest in specific topics.

Level 2 Autism: Requiring Substantial Support

In India, it is crucial to recognize and address the diverse needs of individuals with autism, including those with Level 2 autism. Autism Level 2 signifies moderate autism, where individuals require substantial support to meet their daily needs.

They may have more pronounced difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as increased repetitive behaviours or restricted interests. Individuals at this level may struggle with adapting to change. They also may find it challenging to cope with unfamiliar situations without assistance.

By implementing inclusive policies and programs tailored to the needs of individuals with Level 2 autism, India can work towards creating a more supportive environment.

Additionally, fostering understanding and acceptance within families, schools, and communities is essential for ensuring that individuals with autism receive the support and opportunities they deserve.

Autism Level 2 Symptoms

Autism level 2 symptoms involve:

• More pronounced challenges in social communication and interaction
• Increased repetitive behaviours
• Restricted interests

Individuals may struggle to adapt to changes in routine or environment and may require support to navigate daily life.

Level 3 Autism: Requiring Very Substantial Support

Addressing the needs of individuals with autism including those with Level 3 autism, is essential for fostering inclusive and supportive communities. Autism Level 3, also known as severe autism, represents the most significant degree of impairment.

Individuals at this level require extensive support in almost all areas of life, including communication, social interaction, and daily living skills. They may have limited verbal communication abilities or may be nonverbal, and their repetitive behaviours or restricted interests may significantly interfere with functioning.

Initiatives aimed at enhancing awareness, dismantling stigma, and providing tailored support services are crucial. This is to ensure that individuals with Level 3 autism and their families receive the assistance they need to thrive.

Autism Level 3 Symptoms

Autism level 3 symptoms manifest as severe impairments across multiple domains, including:

• Social communication
• Behaviour
• Adaptive functioning

Individuals may have limited or no verbal communication abilities, significant difficulties in social interactions, and rigid adherence to routines or rituals. They often require extensive support to meet their basic needs and engage with the world around them.

Want to know more? Get in touch with us.

Cognizance of the 3 stages of Autism

Cognizance of the 3 stages of autism – encompassing level 1, level 2, and level 3 – is important in tailoring interventions and support strategies to cater to individuals having the autism spectrum. 

By discerning the specific challenges commensurate with each level, professionals and caregivers can proffer targeted support aimed at fostering the well-being and development of individuals grappling with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The stigma surrounding neurodevelopmental disorders, coupled with prevailing misconceptions, often compounds the challenges encountered by individuals with autism in accessing appropriate support and services. Thus, initiatives aimed at fostering awareness, destigmatization, and inclusive practices are imperative in ameliorating the lived experiences of individuals with autism.

Also, tailoring early intervention for autism to encompass linguistic, religious, and regional variations ensures that support mechanisms resonate with diverse communities across the country.

Moreover, leveraging traditional knowledge systems and community networks can serve as invaluable resources in fostering acceptance and understanding of autism.

Stimming in Autism

Stimming, short for self-stimulatory behavior, is a core and natural aspect of self-regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder. It refers to repetitive movements, sounds, or sensory-seeking actions that help autistic individuals process sensory information, manage emotions, regulate stress, and maintain cognitive balance.

Rather than being “problem behaviors,” stimming behaviors are functional coping mechanisms. They allow the nervous system to regain equilibrium in environments that may feel overwhelming, unpredictable, or under-stimulating.

Understanding the science and types of stimming empowers families, educators, and communities to respond with support rather than suppression.

The Science Behind Stimming and Self-Regulation

Autistic nervous systems often process sensory input differently. This can result in:

• Sensory overload (too much noise, light, touch)
• Sensory under-stimulation (need for additional sensory input)
• Difficulty filtering or prioritising sensory information

Stimming acts as a regulatory feedback loop:

• It increases sensory input when the brain needs stimulation
• It blocks or counterbalances overwhelming stimuli
• It releases emotional tension
• It helps maintain focus and predictability

From a neurological perspective, stimming supports emotional regulation, executive functioning, and sensory integration.

Major Types of Stimming in Autism

1. Physical (Motor) Stimming

Motor stimming involves repetitive body movements and is often the most noticeable type.

Common Examples:

• Hand flapping
• Rocking or swaying
• Spinning in circles
• Pacing or bouncing
• Finger tapping

Why it happens:

• Releases excess energy
• Reduces anxiety
• Creates rhythmic predictability
• Helps with body awareness (proprioception)

Motor stimming often increases during excitement, stress, or transitions. It is not always a sign of distress—sometimes it reflects joy or anticipation.

2. Vocal or Verbal Stimming

Vocal stimming includes repetitive sounds, words, or phrases.

Common Examples:

• Humming or vocal noises
• Repeating words or phrases (echolalia)
• Singing parts of songs repeatedly
• Scripted speech from movies or shows

Why it happens:

• Helps regulate emotions
• Supports language processing
• Aids memory and comprehension
• Acts as a calming auditory loop

Echolalia is often a bridge to communication, not a barrier. Many individuals use repeated phrases to express needs or emotions before developing spontaneous speech.

3. Visual Stimming

Visual stimming involves seeking visual patterns or light-based stimuli.

Common Examples:

• Watching spinning wheels or fans
• Flicking fingers in front of the eyes
• Staring at lights, reflections, or shadows
• Repeatedly lining up objects

Why it happens:

• Creates visual predictability
• Soothes visual processing overload
• Enhances focus and calm

Visual stimming may increase in visually complex environments such as malls, classrooms, or crowded spaces.

4. Tactile (Touch-Based) Stimming

This type focuses on texture and physical sensation through touch.

Common Examples:

• Rubbing fabrics or soft surfaces
• Squeezing stress balls or putty
• Touching hair, skin, or specific objects
• Picking at textures repeatedly

Why it happens:

• Grounds the nervous system
• Provides comfort and reassurance
• Supports emotional regulation

Tactile stimming is closely linked to emotional safety. Many individuals stim through touch during moments of uncertainty or change.

5. Auditory Stimming

Auditory stimming involves repetitive sound production or listening.

Common Examples:

• Tapping objects to make sound
• Repeating specific noises
• Listening to the same song or sound repeatedly

Why it happens:

• Regulates auditory input
• Masks unpredictable background noise
• Creates a sense of control

Auditory stimming can help autistic individuals tolerate noisy environments by replacing chaotic sounds with familiar ones.

6. Olfactory and Gustatory Stimming

These involve smell and taste-based sensory input.

Common Examples:

• Smelling objects repeatedly
• Chewing on clothing, pencils, or chewable tools
• Preference for strong flavors or textures

Why it happens:

• Provides grounding sensory feedback
• Helps regulate stress or anxiety
• Enhances sensory awareness

Chewing and smelling are powerful regulators for the nervous system and are often overlooked or misunderstood.

Conclusion of Levels of Autism

Understanding the 3 stages of autism – level 1, level 2, and level 3 – is crucial for tailoring interventions and support strategies to meet the unique needs of individuals on the autism spectrum.

By recognizing the specific challenges associated with each level, professionals and caregivers can provide targeted support to promote the well-being and development of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Understanding the types of stimming in autism shifts the narrative from control to compassion. Stimming is not a behavior to fix—it is a language of the nervous system. When respected and supported, it becomes a powerful tool for self-regulation, resilience, and autonomy.

FAQs

What are different Levels of autism?

Levels of autism refer to the classification of autism spectrum disorder based on the amount of support a person needs in daily life, communication, and behavior. Autism levels are divided into three categories—Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3—ranging from mild to severe support needs.

What is level 1 autism?

Level 1 autism is the mildest form of autism where a person needs some support for social communication but can usually live independently.

What is Level 2 Autism?

Level 2 autism is a moderate form of autism where individuals have noticeable communication challenges and need regular support in daily life.

Is level 2 autism high-functioning?

Level 2 autism is generally not considered high-functioning, as individuals require substantial support for social interaction and daily activities.

Which is the highest level of Autism?

The highest level of autism is Level 3, which requires very substantial support for communication, behavior, and daily functioning.

Which is the highest level of Autism?

The highest level of autism is Level 3, which requires very substantial support for communication, behavior, and daily functioning.

Can level 2 autism live independently?

Some individuals with Level 2 autism can live independently with support systems in place, but most require ongoing assistance for daily living.

For expert insights, support services, and inclusive learning initiatives, contact India Autism Center for more information.