Tag: autism awareness

Non-Verbal Learning Disorder vs Autism: Differences & Similarities

At first glance, non-verbal learning disorder (NVLD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can appear deceptively similar. Both may involve social difficulties, rigid thinking, and challenges in peer interactions.

But beneath the surface, they’re distinct.

NVLD and ASD differ in their origins, core symptoms, diagnostic frameworks, and even how they respond to intervention.

In this article, we’ll break down non-verbal learning disorder vs autism clearly and clinically.

But not only that, we’ll also explore why NVLD is often mistaken for autism, despite being a separate condition.

So, let’s dive in.

Non-Verbal Learning Disorder vs Autism Spectrum Disorder

Comparing traits of non-verbal learning disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

In classrooms, therapy sessions, or group settings, NVLD and ASD may present themselves in a strikingly similar manner. To move past this surface-level confusion, clinical insight is crucial.

As Puja Dutta, an RCI-registered psychologist with India Autism Center, explains,

Parents often misread social or spatial difficulties when comparing NVLD vs autism. Without a proper assessment, this can lead to misdiagnosis and missed intervention windows. A comprehensive evaluation by trained professionals is essential to ensure timely and appropriate support.

So what sets these two conditions apart? Let’s begin by defining NVLD.

What Is Non-Verbal Learning Disorder?

NVLD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by strengths in verbal expression but significant difficulties with spatial reasoning, motor coordination, and nonverbal social cues.

Children with NVLD often:

Excel in spoken language, vocabulary, and factual recall
Struggle with visual-spatial tasks such as reading maps, understanding diagrams, or copying shapes
Misread or miss facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, or sarcasm
Experience difficulty with abstract thinking and adapting to novel situations
Appear clumsy or uncoordinated due to proprioceptive challenges

The Paradox of NVLD

It is important to note that NVLD does not mean a child is nonverbal.

In fact, a child with NVLD may speak eloquently, yet miss social cues. Follow detailed instructions, but get lost navigating a building. Memorize facts, but struggle to interpret graphs or charts.

This paradox is part of why some parents ask: “Is NVLD on the autism spectrum?”

But, in reality, the answer lies in understanding how NVLD diverges from ASD at the diagnostic level.

Is NVLD Recognized as a Formal Diagnosis?

No, and that’s part of the problem.

NVLD is not currently listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the manual used by clinicians for formal diagnosis. As a result, there is no standardized diagnostic pathway.

But that doesn’t mean NVLD is rare or insignificant.

A 2020 study estimated that NVLD may affect 3% to 4% of children and adolescents in the United States.

Due to insufficient recognition, NVLD is frequently misdiagnosed as ADHD, autism, or behavioral issues. This mislabeling results in interventions that may not effectively address the core challenges.

Now that we’ve explored NVLD, let’s clarify what distinguishes ASD.

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder is a clinically recognized neurodevelopmental condition. It is typically diagnosed in early childhood, though autism signs may become evident at various developmental stages.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), autism affects approximately 1 in 31 children in the United States.

Core features of ASD include:

Differences in social communication (e.g., difficulty with back-and-forth conversation, interpreting facial expressions, gestures, tone, and social cues)
Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests (e.g., stimming, insistence on sameness, obsessive interests, or ritualistic behaviors)
Sensory processing differences (e.g., hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to lights, sounds, textures, temperatures, and other stimuli)

Autism Is A Spectrum

Autism is a spectrum condition. This means that no two individuals with ASD will display the same behaviors. Some may require significant support in daily life, while others may live independently with minimal intervention.

Now that we’ve defined both conditions, let’s look at how NVLD and autism differ across their most commonly confused features. To better understand the nuances of nonverbal learning disorder vs autism, here’s a quick side-by-side comparison across key developmental traits.

NVLD vs Autism: Comparing Traits Head-to-Head

Chart comparing traits of NVLD and autism.

Key Trait	Non Verbal Learning Disorder (NVLD)	Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Verbal Ability	Strong verbal skills; articulate speech and vocabulary	Ranges from nonverbal to highly verbal; challenges in social communication
Visual-Spatial Reasoning	Major difficulties (maps, puzzles, spatial tasks)	May vary; not a core diagnostic feature
Nonverbal Social Cues	Struggles with facial expressions, tone, and body language	Common; part of core diagnostic criteria
Repetitive Behaviors / Routines	Not typical, but may rely on routine for comfort	Hallmark symptom: stimming, insistence on sameness
Sensory Processing	May have proprioceptive challenges	Broad range: hypo- or hyper-sensitivity to sensory input
Motor Coordination	Clumsy movements, poor handwriting	May be present, but varies
DSM-5 Recognition	Not formally recognized	Yes, under Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Diagnostic Tools	No standardized tool; diagnosis via neuropsychological evaluation	Multiple validated tools: ADOS, ADI-R, M-CHAT, etc.
Co-occurrence	May co-occur with ASD or ADHD	May co-occur with intellectual disability, anxiety, ADHD, etc.
Root Challenge	Difficulty interpreting and responding to nonverbal information	Difficulty with social communication, behavior regulation, and sensory input

Understanding the Overlap Between NVLD and Autism

Overlapping traits of autism and non-verbal learning disorder.

NVLD and autism often blur at the edges. They share traits, mimic each other’s patterns, and confuse even seasoned professionals. So how do you differentiate one from the other?

The answer lies in identifying the root causes behind the behaviors.

Here’s where these two conditions often mirror each other:

Trouble with Motor Skills

Motor difficulties common in NVLD and autism.

Children with NVLD and ASD may both appear clumsy. Struggling with handwriting, tripping often, or fumbling through physical activities.

But the underlying reasons diverge.

In NVLD, motor challenges arise from difficulties in processing space and distance
In autism, these issues often stem from sensory overload

As Dr. Gordon Day explains,

Both disorders are associated with problems with motor skills, but it is explained in NVLD by visual-spatial organization, while in autism, it is associated with sensory processing difficulties.

Same behaviors, different mechanisms. And that distinction can inform very different therapeutic approaches.

Fluent Speakers, Missed Messages

NVLD and autism can both show up in children who speak like little professors. Articulate, advanced, even funny.

But they often miss out on unspoken social signals.

Children with NVLD may struggle to decode tone, body language, or facial expressions
Those with autism may have difficulty understanding social intentions overall

Friendship That Doesn’t Quite Land

Both NVLD and autism can bring a dazzling ability to memorize facts.

But sometimes, the why behind those facts is missing.

In autism, the brain zeroes in on details, often missing the big picture
In NVLD, challenges in integrating concepts across time and space are common

Resistance to Change

A last-minute change in seating, an unexpected substitute, or even a fire drill can spark intense emotional reactions.

For individuals with NVLD, the difficulty lies in planning, sequencing, and adjusting to abstract changes
For individuals with autism, the underlying issue is often sensory or neurological, which means that change can threaten their delicate sense of internal order

Facts Without Framework

Both NVLD and autism can bring a dazzling ability to memorize facts.

But sometimes, the why behind those facts is missing.

In NVLD, challenges arise in integrating concepts across time and space
In autism, the brain zeroes in on details and often misses the big picture, signifying a weak central coherence

Meltdowns: Not Defiance, But Overload

A sudden change in the classroom, confusing instructions, or a noisy hallway might seem minor to neurotypical individuals.

But for children with NVLD or autism, such triggers can push the brain past its threshold.

What follows is yelling, crying, and freezing. This isn’t rebellion. It’s a neurological crash.

So, it’s important to note that discipline may provide structure, but what they really need is preparation, sensory regulation, and emotional scaffolding.

High Verbal Ability, Low Functional Support

A child with NVLD or autism may sound brilliant. They may use advanced vocabulary, state obscure facts, or express mature opinions.

But they may still:

Freeze when given a writing task
Panic at a routine change
Misinterpret everyday instructions

This gap between expressive language and executive function can lead adults to overestimate what the child can handle. And this only leads to frustration, misplaced discipline, or burnout.

Parting Words: Find Support That Matches the Pattern

If the traits described here align with what you’re noticing in your child, it’s worth slowing down and taking a closer look.

Because what if these patterns don’t correct themselves with time, discipline, or simply trying harder?

What makes a real difference is targeted support, grounded in an accurate understanding of your child’s brain.

That starts with a strategic, well-informed approach, which includes the following steps:

Consult a qualified specialist who can look beyond surface behavior
Ask for a comprehensive evaluation that assesses not just for autism, but also learning, motor, and processing differences
Build a multidisciplinary team, including speech-language therapists, occupational therapists, and clinical psychologists, to map out your child’s needs with precision
Follow through on individualized interventions to understand whether the diagnosis falls under autism, NVLD, or elements of both.

Also, engage proactively with your child’s school. Sharing diagnostic insights can open doors to critical accommodations such as structured routines, additional processing time, or visual supports that reduce daily friction.

At India Autism Center, we specialize in creating clarity where there’s diagnostic fog. So, if you’re struggling to distinguish between nonverbal learning disorder vs autism, feel free to contact us.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is NVLD a form of autism?

No, non-verbal learning disorder is not a form of autism. While both involve challenges with social cues and learning, NVLD is primarily about visual-spatial processing and is not on the autism spectrum.

Is NVLD autism?

No. NVLD and autism are separate conditions. NVLD affects how people understand nonverbal information, while autism involves broader differences in social communication, sensory response, and repetitive behaviors.

Is nonverbal learning disorder on the autism spectrum?

No. NVLD is not classified as being on the autism spectrum. However, the two can look similar in social and academic settings, which often leads to misdiagnosis.

Is non-verbal learning disorder on the autism spectrum?

No. Non-verbal Learning Disorder is not officially recognized as part of the autism spectrum, although it shares some overlapping traits.

Is NVLD related to autism?

They’re related in presentation but not the same condition. Both can affect social behavior and learning, but autism typically impacts a wider range of developmental areas, including sensory processing.

What causes NVLD?

While research is ongoing, NVLD is believed to stem from right-hemisphere brain dysfunction, affecting visual-spatial, organizational, and abstract reasoning skills.

What causes autism?

A mix of genetic and environmental factors causes autism. It affects brain development, leading to differences in communication, behavior, and sensory experience.

What’s the difference between non-verbal learning disorder and autism?

Autism affects social skills, communication, and sensory processing. NVLD mainly impacts visual-spatial reasoning, understanding body language, and abstract thinking, while verbal skills are often strong.

Can autism be mistaken for a learning disability?

Yes. Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition, not a learning disability, but it can be mistaken for one due to overlapping academic challenges. A full evaluation helps clarify the difference.

Can people with NVLD speak?

Yes. Speaking is usually a strength for people with NVLD. They often have strong vocabularies and communicate well with words, but struggle with social cues and spatial reasoning.

Do kids with NVLD speak?

Yes. Kids with NVLD typically speak fluently and often sound advanced for their age. Their challenges show up more in nonverbal and abstract reasoning tasks.

Is non-verbal related to autism?

It can be, but not always. Nonverbal communication challenges are common in autism, but other conditions like apraxia, trauma, or hearing loss can also cause someone to be nonverbal.

Can a child be nonverbal but not autistic?

Yes. Non-verbal behavior can stem from various causes, like speech delays, apraxia, selective mutism, or neurological conditions, without involving autism.

What’s the difference between being nonverbal and being autistic?

Being nonverbal means not using spoken language. Being autistic means having a different neurotype that affects social, sensory, and communication patterns. Not all autistic people are nonverbal.

Do nonverbal autistic children have intelligence?

Yes. Many nonverbal autistic children have average or above-average intelligence. They may think and learn differently, and communicate better through nonverbal tools like AAC.

Can you go nonverbal without autism?

Yes. People can temporarily or permanently lose speech due to stress, trauma, selective mutism, or other neurological factors unrelated to autism.

Do nonverbal kids eventually talk?

Some do, some don’t. With early intervention and the right supports, many children develop speech over time. Others may rely on alternative forms of communication long-term.

How to teach a child with NVLD?

Use structured, step-by-step instructions. Support verbal strengths, but provide visual aids, social skills coaching, and help with organizing space, time, and tasks.

How does NVLD affect adults?

Adults with NVLD may struggle with organization, abstract reasoning, or reading social cues. Many manage well with coping strategies, career support, and continued social learning.

August 8, 2025

What Causes Autism? A Detailed Breakdown (2026)
One of the most searched, and often quietly asked, questions is: ‘What causes autism?’.

The short answer? The causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are multifactorial.

Autism arises from a complex interplay of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. And despite persistent misinformation, vaccines do not cause autism.

In this article, we’ll break down these factors behind autism causes and also explain why it’s time to leave certain outdated beliefs in the past.

So, let’s take a closer, evidence-based look at the causes of autism.

What Causes Autism Spectrum Disorder?

If you’re a parent, a professional, or simply someone seeking a deeper understanding of autism, this is where the lens shifts.

From ‘What is autism caused by?’ to ‘What is the combination of factors that may have led to this condition?’.

Some of these factors could be inherited. Others may come from the environment around a developing fetus. And some could emerge through neural connectivity in early life.

Now comes the question is autism gentic?

Among all the possibilities of how autism is caused, genetics remains the most well-established.

So, let’s start there.

Role of Genetics In Causing Autism

Is autism genetic? Well, it plays a foundational role in the causes of ASD. Estimates suggest that the heritability of autism ranges between 40% and 80%.

This indicates that autism often runs in families. But not in the simple, Mendelian way we learned in school.

Unlike eye color or blood type, autism isn’t caused by a single gene. Thanks to tools like Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), researchers have now identified hundreds of genetic variants linked to autism.

This makes autism a polygenic condition, meaning it’s shaped by many genes working together, each contributing a small effect.

Most of these genes don’t directly cause autism. Instead, they affect brain wiring, especially in areas tied to:
- Sensory processing
- Language acquisition
- Motor coordination
- Emotional regulation
- Social cognition
Some of these gene variations are inherited from parents. Others are what scientists call de novo mutations, meaning they occur for the first time in the egg or sperm, not passed down from either parent.

Rare genetic syndromes like Fragile X syndrome or Rett syndrome may also share overlapping traits with autism, though they account for only a small fraction of overall autism cases.

In short, if you’re wondering, ‘What gene causes autism?’, the reality is far more complex. It’s not about one gene. But rather, a combination of inherited and spontaneous mutations that shape how the brain is wired.

Want to know more? Get in touch with us.

Now, let’s move on to brain development, where the genetic factors of autism begin to take shape.

Role of Brain Development In Autism

Neuroimaging research shows that autistic brains follow distinct developmental trajectories. Some brain regions may show increased connectivity, while others demonstrate delayed or accelerated growth.

These patterns aren’t random. They reflect alternative ways the brain organizes, adapts, and interacts with the world.

Here’s how these differences play out:
- Sensory Processing: Some autistic individuals may be hypersensitive to light, sound, or texture. Others may seek more sensory input. These sensory differences stem from how specific neural circuits develop.
- Motor Coordination: Delays in crawling, walking, or fine motor skills are often linked to neurological differences in movement planning and control.
- Cognitive Functioning: Challenges with attention shifts, task switching, or transitions can arise from altered synchronization between neural networks.
- Emotional Regulation: Many autistic individuals experience difficulty recognizing, processing, or managing emotions.
- Language and Communication: Some autistic children may display early nonverbal communication but delayed speech, while others might develop verbal skills yet struggle with social language. These variations depend on how the autistic brain maps speech and social understanding.
As neuroscientist Dr. Sumantra Chattarji noted on the India Autism Center podcast,

The fact that [the brain is] not a static entity. It can adapt fully with experience and change… that’s plasticity. So there can be good plasticity… the brain grows, it forms the right connections, it has all this potential. And the job for us is to use what we know about good plasticity to counter the ill effects of the bad plasticity.

In other words, autistic brain development is a dynamic process shaped by early experiences, genetics, and environment. And like any brain, it’s capable of growth, adaptation, and learning.

Now, genetic predispositions and brain architecture don’t tell the whole story. The surrounding environment, particularly during pregnancy and infancy, also shapes outcomes.

What Environmental Factors Cause Autism?

To understand the environmental causes of autism, it’s essential to zoom out.

Here, ‘environment’ refers not just to pollution or toxins, but to the entire biological backdrop that shapes early brain development: before birth, during delivery, and after.

The Prenatal Stage: Influences Before Birth

Autism often begins before birth, long before any visible signs appear.

When exploring what causes autism during pregnancy, researchers point to a combination of key prenatal risk factors, including:
- Maternal Infections: A 2019 study linked maternal immune activation (MIA) to later neurodevelopmental differences, including autism.
- Exposure to Substances: Alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs during pregnancy can disrupt neural development.
- Toxic Exposures: Lead, mercury, and other environmental toxins may interfere with how the fetal brain forms and connects.
- Chronic Maternal Conditions: Autoimmune or thyroid disorders may alter hormonal regulation and affect fetal brain growth.
- Metabolic Conditions: A 2012 study found that maternal metabolic conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, are broadly linked to neurodevelopmental conditions like autism.
- Certain Medications: Drugs like valproic acid during pregnancy have been associated with higher autism risk.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Particularly low folic acid levels during early pregnancy have been linked to increased neurodevelopmental risk.
- Parental Age: Advanced maternal or paternal age is associated with a slight rise in de novo genetic mutations, which may influence autism development.
The Natal Stage: Risk Factors Around Birth

What happens during or immediately after birth may also influence how autism traits unfold.
- Preterm Birth: Babies born before 37 weeks are at a critical stage of brain development. The third trimester, in particular, is key for building sensory and regulatory pathways.
- Low Birth Weight: Weighing under 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) has been modestly linked to a higher likelihood of autism, possibly due to brain immaturity at birth.
- Oxygen Deprivation at Birth (Perinatal Hypoxia): Difficult labor or brief interruptions in oxygen supply can influence nervous system development.
- Birth Complications: Conditions such as neonatal jaundice or early infections can add stress to a developing brain, especially when compounded by prenatal or genetic vulnerabilities.
While these complications are rare, they offer insights into how biological stressors at birth may act as a contributing factor.

The Postnatal Stage: Early-Life Environmental Influences

Even after birth, the brain continues to develop rapidly. A few early-life factors that may subtly shape how autism traits unfold are:
- Exposure to Air Pollution or Toxins: Infants exposed to pesticides, heavy metals, or fine particulate pollution may show immune or neurological disruptions, especially if they carry genetic risk markers.
- Short Intervals Between Pregnancies: Gaps of 12 to 18 months may deplete maternal nutrient stores, particularly folate, and increase inflammation. Both of these can affect early brain development.
- Infections During Infancy: Serious infections or immune responses during the first year of life may have a modest effect on how the brain processes information, with some associations to autism in children at high risk.
Even with all we know about contributing factors, public discourse on autism is still crowded with myths. So, let’s dismantle a few of the most damaging ones.

Want to know more? Get in touch with us.

Busting the Myths and Misconceptions About What Causes Autism

Despite major scientific breakthroughs, myths and misconceptions about what causes autism persist. Certain outdated ideas aren’t just incorrect; they stigmatize parents, derail conversations, and distract from what truly matters.

So, let’s set the record straight.

Myth 1: Something Must Have Gone Wrong

When a child doesn’t meet expected milestones, it’s natural for families to wonder why.

But often, that wondering turns into blaming, especially directed at mothers. This is not only unhelpful but also scientifically unfounded.

Autism is not the result of a momentary lapse, an incorrect meal, or a single stressful event. It develops due to complex biological factors, many of which begin before conception and are entirely beyond parental control.

Blame is a coping mechanism. But it’s not a path to clarity or action.

Myth 2: Vaccine Causes Autism

This is the myth that refuses to die.

In 1998, Andrew Wakefield published a study falsely linking the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine to autism. That paper was later retracted, its data discredited, and Wakefield was stripped of his medical license.

Since then, over 25 large-scale studies have confirmed: Vaccines do not cause autism.

So why do people think vaccinations cause autism? Because it offered something simple. A culprit. Many children exhibit autistic traits around age two, coinciding with routine vaccinations.

This timing seems suspicious, but it is merely a coincidence, not causation.

Myth 3: Screen Time and Modern Lifestyles Cause Autism

This myth grows from the anxiety of contemporary parenting.

Parents often worry that digital exposure is somehow rewiring their child’s brain. If a child avoids eye contact or loops the same video repeatedly, it’s tempting to blame screens.

But here’s the truth: Screen time doesn’t cause autism.

While it may mask early signs or provide comfort for children already diagnosed with autism, it does not cause the condition. Oversimplifying autism as a parenting choice only fuels guilt instead of providing solutions.

Myth 4: Older Parents and Late Pregnancy Always Cause Autism

Yes, studies have noted a slight statistical association between parental age and autism. But this is more of a statistical correlation than a contributing factor for the development of autism.

Most children born to older parents are neurotypical. At the same time, many autistic children are born to younger parents.

Advanced age may slightly raise the chances of spontaneous genetic variation, but it’s not a cause. Framing autism as a consequence of delayed parenthood is only misleading and unfair.

Myth 5: Trauma, Neglect, and Attachment Issues Cause Autism

This myth has deep, damaging roots. Decades ago, the ‘refrigerator mother’ theory blamed autism on emotionally distant parenting. That view has long been debunked.

Autism is not caused by trauma, neglect, or poor attachment. However, trauma and autism can coexist. In some cases, trauma may even mimic autism traits like emotional withdrawal, speech delays, or difficulty with social connections.

This overlap often leads to misdiagnosis, particularly in girls and women. Thus, understanding the distinction is essential.

How Do Genetic Tests and Timing Assessments Work in Autism?

There is no single, definitive test for autism genes. However, genetic tests and timing assessments can offer meaningful insights.

So, let’s break this down.

Carrier Screening: Gauging Inherited Risk

This blood test is for prospective parents. It checks if they carry certain gene variants associated with rare conditions like Fragile X Syndrome or Rett Syndrome, which can sometimes overlap with autism traits.

Kiran Tomar, Research Associate at India Autism Center, says,

For families with a known history, this screening can offer clarity and informed preparation. But in the wrong hands, it can fuel stigma or lead to selective abortions. That’s not its purpose. The value lies in awareness, not fear.

Genetic Counseling: Interpreting the Bigger Picture

If you already have a child diagnosed with autism, have a known family history of neurodevelopmental disorders, or are concerned about future pregnancies, a genetic counselor can help decode your genetic risk and explore next steps.

They may recommend:
- Chromosomal Microarray Analysis
- Whole Exome Sequencing
These don’t predict autism. But they can help identify genetic variations linked to neurodivergence and offer contextual understanding.

Prenatal Genetic Testing: Understanding Risk

In high-risk pregnancies, healthcare providers may recommend invasive prenatal testing.

These tests examine genetic material collected from the amniotic fluid or umbilical cord to detect anomalies that may increase the likelihood of neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism.

While it doesn’t confirm autism, it may reveal:
- De novo mutations
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Syndromes with overlap (e.g., Tuberous Sclerosis, Fragile X)
Parting Words: Letting Perspective Guide Your Next Step

The reasons for autism are as varied as its symptoms. From inherited genetic variants to subtle prenatal influences, multiple factors contribute to it.

At the same time, there’s no genetic test that can confirm whether a child will be autistic. But there are tools to help you understand risk, possibility, and preparedness.

Some families find reassurance in clarity. Others feel overwhelmed by uncertainty. Both responses are valid.

What matters most is that informed support makes a difference. The steps you take will shape your child’s future more than any test ever could.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do vaccines cause autism?

No. Extensive global research confirms that vaccines, including the MMR vaccine, do not cause autism.

Can immunizations cause autism?

No. Immunizations do not cause autism. This myth stems from misinformation and has been disproven by more than two dozen large-scale studies across multiple countries.

If vaccines don’t cause autism, what does?

Autism is caused by a complex mix of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. It is not triggered by vaccines, lifestyle, or parenting style.

What causes autism in children?

Primarily, genetics, early brain development, and environmental influences cause autism in children.

Can trauma cause autism?

No, trauma cannot cause autism. However, trauma can co-occur with autism or mimic certain autistic traits, which sometimes leads to misdiagnosis.

What causes nonverbal autism?

Nonverbal autism may result from more significant differences in brain regions responsible for language processing and social communication. Genetics and early neurodevelopment play a central role.

Can gestational diabetes cause autism?

Gestational diabetes is linked to a slightly higher risk of autism, particularly when accompanied by genetic predisposition. However, it is not a direct cause by itself.

What causes autism regression?

Autism regression occurs when a child loses previously acquired skills, typically between 15 and 30 months of age. The exact causes are still being researched, but they may involve immune responses, neurological disruptions, or genetic factors.

Can autism be caused by brain injury?

Brain injuries do not directly cause autism. However, early injuries affecting the brain’s development may result in behaviors that overlap with autism, though the underlying mechanisms differ.

Can food cause autism?

There is no evidence that food causes autism. Diet can affect behavior and gut health, but it is not a causal factor in autism spectrum disorder.

Can inbreeding cause autism?

Not directly. Inbreeding can increase the risk of rare genetic disorders, but autism is typically caused by a broader set of genetic and developmental factors.

For expert insights, support services, and inclusive learning initiatives, contact India Autism Center for more information.
August 4, 2025
Signs of Autism in Newborns: Early Symptoms Explained
Signs of autism refer to early developmental differences associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours. These signs can vary widely in how they appear and develop from child to child.

While ASD is most often diagnosed in early childhood, there is increasing awareness of the importance of recognizing the symptoms of autism as early as infancy, including in newborns. Early identification enables timely intervention and appropriate support, which can greatly enhance developmental outcomes and provide families with clearer guidance and reassurance.

What is Autism in Newborns?

Autism in newborns refers to the presence of early signs and symptoms of ASD within the first few months of life. While definitive diagnosis typically occurs later, heightened awareness of potential indicators in newborns is crucial for early intervention and support. The earliest manifestations of autism can often be subtle, making it essential for parents to be vigilant in observing their newborn’s behaviours and developmental milestones.

Can you tell if a Newborn has Autism?
- Signs of autism in newborns may manifest subtly, but attentive parents can pick up on certain cues.
- One of the earliest indicators is limited eye contact. Newborns later diagnosed with ASD often display reduced eye contact from an early age, indicating potential difficulties in social interaction.
- Additionally, observing newborns for unusual motor patterns, such as repetitive movements or arching of the back, can provide early clues suggestive of autism.
- Furthermore, a typical response to stimuli, such as heightened sensitivity or indifference to sensory input like sound, touch, or light, may also be observed in infants with ASD.
Signs of Autism in Newborns

While most children are diagnosed with autism at an older age, some parents notice signs as early as infancy. Keep in mind that all babies develop at their own pace, but being aware of potential signs can help you seek timely intervention. Recognizing signs of autism in newborns involves being attuned to behavioural patterns and developmental milestones. Key signs include:

1. Delayed Milestones

Parents should monitor their newborn’s developmental progress, such as smiling, babbling, and responding to stimuli, as delays in these areas could signal ASD.

2. Difficulty with Social Interaction

Limited responsiveness to caregivers’ voices or facial expressions may indicate challenges in social engagement, a hallmark feature of autism.

3. Repetitive Behaviours

Even in infancy, repetitive behaviours like hand flapping or rocking may emerge, providing early indications of ASD.

Want to learn more? Get in touch with us.

Early Signs of Autism in Newborns

Early signs of autism in newborns often overlap with those observed in older infants.
- Vigilant parents may notice unusual facial expressions or a lack of responsiveness to social cues in their newborns.
- Furthermore, a preference for routine, while common in all babies to some extent, may be more pronounced in infants later diagnosed with ASD. These newborns may display heightened distress or agitation when routines are disrupted.
- Additionally, communication challenges, such as difficulty in making eye contact or responding to verbal cues, can also signal potential communication difficulties associated with ASD.
Newborn Arching Back Autism: A Red Flag?
- Newborn arching back autism can be a cause for concern, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms.
- While occasional arching is normal, persistent arching, especially during interactions or in response to stimuli, could warrant further evaluation for autism spectrum disorder.
- Parents need to observe the context in which the arching occurs and discuss any concerns with healthcare professionals.
- Remember that early recognition and intervention play a vital role in supporting a child’s development.
- If you notice any unusual behaviours in your newborn, don’t hesitate to discuss them with healthcare professionals.
- Trust your instincts and seek guidance—it can significantly affect your child’s well-being.
Newborn Eye Contact Autism: A Red Flag?

Infant eye contact autism is a powerful form of communication, even in the earliest stages of life. As parents, we eagerly await those moments when our newborn gazes into our eyes, forging a connection that transcends words. However, what if your baby seems to avoid eye contact? Could this be a sign of something more?

Research suggests that eye contact in infants can indeed provide early clues about ASD. Here’s what you need to know:
1. Normal Eye Contact Development:
  - Babies typically begin making eye contact around 2 months of age. It’s a delightful milestone as they lock eyes with caregivers and explore their world visually.
  - However, a study found that a decline in eye contact between 2 and 6 months might signal something significant.
2. The Autism Connection:
  - Researchers discovered that infants who consistently show reduced attention to others’ eyes during their first few months of life are more likely to receive an autism diagnosis by the age of 3.
  - This decline in eye contact serves as an early marker for autism.
3. Why It Matters:
  - Early detection of autism is crucial. When parents notice subtle signs like diminished eye contact, they can seek professional evaluation promptly.
  - Intervention during the early developmental stages can significantly impact a child’s progress.
4. What to Observe:
  - Pay attention to how your baby engages visually. Is there a consistent lack of eye contact during interactions?
  - Context matters: Consider whether the avoidance occurs during play, feeding, or bonding moments.
Remember, every child is unique, and variations in development are normal. However, if you have concerns about your baby’s eye contact, trust your instincts.

Seeking Professional Guidance
- If parents notice any of the aforementioned signs of autism in their newborn, it’s essential to seek guidance from healthcare professionals specializing in early childhood development.
- Pediatricians, developmental pediatricians, or child psychologists can provide valuable insights and recommend appropriate assessments or interventions.
- Early intervention programs tailored to the needs of infants with ASD can significantly improve outcomes. This is done by addressing developmental delays and promoting social and communication skills.
- IAC is committed to creating impactful change in the lives of autistic individuals advocate for evidence-based practices to improve eye contact by encouraging activities to improve eye contact in autistic individuals.
Conclusion

Early identification of autism symptoms in newborns is vital for initiating timely interventions and support. By understanding the signs and proactively seeking guidance, parents can play a pivotal role in promoting their child’s well-being and developmental outcomes.

While each child develops at their own pace, early recognition and support can make a significant difference in the journey of a child if we can understand the spectrum properly.

FAQs

What are the early signs of autism in newborns?

Early signs of autism in newborns can involve minimal facial expressions, lack of social smiling, or reduced interest in human interaction.

Are there specific autism newborn signs parents should watch for?

Autism newborn signs may include poor visual tracking, limited response to caregivers, and unusually low or high sensitivity to touch or sound.

Can you tell if a newborn has autism?

It is not possible to definitively diagnose autism in newborns. Clinical diagnosis usually becomes reliable as developmental patterns emerge.

How do you know if your newborn has autism?

Parents may notice developmental differences over time, but only a professional evaluation can determine whether autism traits are present.

Is autism in newborns diagnosed at birth?

Autism in newborns is not typically diagnosed at birth. Most diagnoses occur during toddler years after developmental monitoring.

Do newborns with autism show clear symptoms?

Newborns with autism do not usually show clear or diagnosable symptoms immediately, as autism is identified through developmental progression.

When should parents seek help if they notice autism newborns signs?

If parents notice persistent developmental concerns, they should consult a pediatrician or developmental specialist for guidance and monitoring.

For expert insights, support services, and inclusive learning initiatives, contact India Autism Center for more information.
May 24, 2024

ADHD or Autism, how do you know?

If you have a child who struggles with attention, emotions, communication, and social interactions, then it is normal to feel confused. Parents often wonder: Is it ADHD or autism? The confusion is understandable as both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are neurodevelopmental conditions.

When the question comes to ADHD vs ASD, it is important to know that both can affect several aspects of life, such as learning, behaviour, and relationships. Despite the similarities, ADHD and Autism are not the same condition.

It is necessary to understand the difference between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder, not only for labelling but to ensure that the right support is offered at the right time.

In this article, we take a closer look at the concept of ADHD vs Autism Spectrum. We will explain where they overlap,whether ADHD and autism are similar, what the key differences are, and what the early signs are.

But First: Understanding Neurodevelopmental Differences

Before we dive into the comparison of ADHD vs Autism, we must first understand what neurodevelopmental conditions actually are.

Technically, neurodevelopmental conditions affect how the brain grows, organises information, and responds to the world. Such differences are present right from an early age and are not caused by external factors like parenting style, diet, discipline, or even screen exposure alone.

There are some similarities between ADHD and autism:

Both begin in the early childhood stage.
Both conditions eventually affect learning, behaviour, and social interactions.
Both exist on a spectrum and will require varying levels of support.
Both conditions require long-term, personalised support.

However, the core areas affected in the two conditions differ. Knowing this difference is essential to understanding whether ADHD and autism are similar and how they are not.

What Is ADHD?

ADHD, or clinically known asn as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a condition that has an impact on the attention regulation, impulse control, and activity levels of an individual.

Here are some characteristics that can be found in children with ADHD:

They often struggle to maintain focus, especially when engaged in routine or mundane activities.
Children with ADHD are known to act impulsively without considering the possible consequences.
They may also appear fidgety or constantly on the move.
They tend to have difficulty managing time, organising tasks, or even simply following multi-step instructions.

ADHD can be broadly classified into the Predominantly Inattentive Type, the Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, and the Combined Type.

Children who have ADHD are often very curious, capable, and bright. Still, the only difference is that their brains process aspects such as focus, motivation, and self-regulation slightly differently.

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Unlike ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, is a condition that affects different aspects like social communication, interaction, sensory processing, as well as the behavioural patterns of an individual. Autism is often considered a spectrum, as the children who have ASD may experience a wide range of strengths and challenges.

Some children may be able to live independently and communicate verbally. On the other hand, some children on the spectrum may need ongoing support even for everyday tasks.

Here are the characteristics that can be found in children diagnosed with ASD:

There is a difference in verbal and non-verbal communication
Such children often prefer predictable routines and scenarios.
Children on the spectrum are known to be sensitive to light, touch, sound, and textures.
They also have difficulty understanding social cues, social norms, and facial expressions.
They may show repetitive behaviour or, at times, even restricted interests.

So, autism is not an attention disorder, although the children on the spectrum are known to have attention difficulties.

Why Are ADHD and Autism Often Confused with Each Other?

People often look up: Is autism similar to ADHD? When an ADHD vs autism comparison is done, they may look similar on the surface, especially in younger children. However, the core reasons behind both conditions differ significantly.

The confusion happens because of the overlapping traits, such as:

Difficulties in emotional regulation.
Challenges in social situations
Sensory sensitivities
Executive functioning challenges

When parents see these traits in their child, they can often be confused about whether it is autism or ADHD. It is therefore necessary to get a professional evaluation to understand whether your child has ADHD or autism.

ADHD vs Autism: Key Differences Explained

While ADHD vs autism may seem complex, as there are a few similar characteristics, both are fundamentally different in several ways. Below is a table that explicitly explains the key differences between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder to clear the air over the concept of ADHD vs autism:

Area of Development	ADHD	Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Core Challenge	Difficulty regulating attention, impulses, and activity levels	Difficulty with social communication, interaction, and sensory processing
Attention & Focus	Easily distracted; attention shifts quickly unless the task is highly interesting	Highly focused on specific interests; may struggle to engage in non-preferred activities
Hyperactivity	Common. The child may be constantly moving, fidgeting, or restless	Not a defining trait. Movement may be repetitive rather than restless
Impulsivity	Acts without thinking. Interrupts, blurts out answers, struggles to wait	Less about impulsivity. Behaviour is more predictable and routine-based
Social Interaction	Wants to interact but may miss social cues due to impulsivity	Difficulty understanding social rules, facial expressions, or perspectives
Communication Skills	Language development is usually age-appropriate, but may be rushed or disorganised	May involve delayed speech, limited gestures, literal understanding, or non-verbal communication
Understanding Emotions	Understands emotions but struggles to regulate reactions	May struggle to identify, express, or interpret emotions in self and others
Response to Routine	Dislikes routine; seeks novelty and variety	Strong preference for routine and predictability; change may cause distress
Repetitive Behaviours	Not a core feature; boredom leads to task-switching	Common; includes repetitive movements, speech, or fixed interests
Sensory Sensitivities	May exist, but are not central to diagnosis	Core feature: strong reactions to sound, light, textures, or touch
Play Style	Enjoys imaginative play but may struggle to sustain it	Pretend play may be limited or different; play may be repetitive
Learning Style	Learns best with structure, breaks, and engagement	Learns best with visual supports, routine, and predictability
Emotional Outbursts	Is impulsive, but it is most often short-lived	Often triggered by sensory overload, change, or communication difficulty
Executive Functioning	Has difficulty with planning, organisation, and time management	Has difficulty with flexibility, transitions, and adapting to change
Motivation	Motivation fluctuates based on interest and stimulation	Motivation is often tied to specific interests or routines
Awareness of Social Differences	Often aware and may feel frustrated	May be less aware or interpret social situations differently
Response to Instructions	Hears instructions but may not follow through consistently	May need instructions broken down and supported visually
Co-occurrence	Can exist alone or alongside autism	Frequently co-occurs with ADHD (ADHD vs ASDoverlap)
Support Focus	Behavioural strategies, attention support, and classroom accommodations can help	Communication, sensory regulation, social understanding, and everyday living skills can help considerably
Long-Term Outlook	Can thrive really well when helped with structured support and guidance	Can lead fulfilling, independent lives when appropriate support is provided

ADHD vs ASD: Can A Child Have Both?

Yes, it is a common phenomenon for a child to have both ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It is actually far more common than parents expect. Understanding the overlapping characteristics is important for parents who feel that their child does not fit neatly into just one category.

ADHD and autism are often viewed as mutually exclusive diagnoses. It happened because the diagnostic systems available at the time did not allow clinicians to formally diagnose both conditions in the same person formally. However, today it is possible due to advances in neuroscience and developmental research, and it has been found that ADHD and autism frequently co-occur.

In fact, as per a study, about 50 to 70% individual who are diagnosed with ASD are found to have ADHD traits as well. Many children display ADHD and autistic traits even if they do not meet full ASD criteria.

The overlap thus explains why parents often struggle with the question of ADHD or autism. The correct answer is that they are distinct conditions that can coexist in the same child.

What Does It Look Like When A Child Has Both ADHD and Autism?

In a situation where ADHD and autism occur in unison, the child may show a combination of traits depending upon the spectrum. Some traits that can be displayed include:

Difficulty focusing, as well as a strong preference for routines.
The child can also display impulsivity alongside sensory sensitivity.
The child will eventually face social challenges caused by both impulsive behaviour and difficulty interpreting social cues.
There can be emotional outbursts that are triggered by both frustration and sensory overload.

This can make the behaviour appear more complex, making it harder to distinguish between autism and ADHD without a comprehensive assessment.

Early Signs to Know if Your Child Has ADHD or Autism

A few signs cannot confirm a diagnosis, but consistent patterns over time establish the need for developmental evaluation. Here are the key early signs that can help you determine if your child has ADHD, ASD, or if you need a professional evaluation:

Early Signs Commonly Seen in Children with ADHD:

The child often struggles to stay focused on play or tasks, even when they are interested.
They frequently shift from one activity to another without completing any.
They often find it difficult to sit still during mealtime, stories, or other activities that require focus.
The child is seen acting on impulse without recognising danger or any other consequence.
They often interrupt conversations or even activities without even realising it.
It is also common for them to have frequent emotional outbursts that can appear sudden and intense.
They can make eye contact but struggle to regulate their behaviour during interactions.
Children with ADHD tend to calm down more quickly after a meltdown.
They find it difficult to wait for their turn or to delay gratification.

Early Signs Commonly Seen in Children with Autism:

Children with autism show reduced interest in shared attention or social engagement.
They may not consistently respond to being called out.
They also show symptoms such as delayed speech or a very limited vocabulary for their age.
They often use language in a repetitive, scripted or literal manner.
They are known to avoid certain foods or clothing due to sensory discomfort.
They find it challenging to read facial expressions or understand social cues.
Children on the spectrum strongly prefer sameness and predictability.
There is also sensitivity to sound, textures or even light.
They may play with toys in a repetitive, non-functional way.

So if your child displays a mix of the symptoms listed above or shows signs that you are not certain about, it is always best to consult an expert.

Conclusion

If you are a parent who finds themselves comparing ADHD vs Autism, it is important to understand what support your child can benefit from. It is about making sense of a child’s behaviour, communication, emotions and needs. Well, both ADHD and ASD might have some overlapping traits, but they are two different neurodevelopmental disorders. Each disorder required its own lens of understanding and care.

Some children may have ADHD, some may be autistic, and some may experience both. Whatever the case, clarity leads to better support, which in turn leads to better outcomes. With proper guidance, understanding, compassion and early intervention, a child with ADHD or ASD can thrive in terms of learning, relationships and also in everyday life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core difference between ADHD and autism?

The main difference between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder is that ADHD primarily affects attention, impulsivity, and activity levels, while autism affects social communication, sensory processing, and behavioural flexibility.

How does attention differ in ADHD vs. the autism spectrum?

In ADHD vs autism spectrum, ADHD involves inconsistent attention, while autism often involves intense focus on specific interests.

Do children with ADHD struggle socially like autistic children?

Yes, but they struggle for different reasons. ADHD-related social issues come from impulsivity, while autism-related challenges stem from difficulty understanding social cues.

Can children outgrow ADHD or autism?

There is no definitive answer to that as both are lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions, but with support, individuals can develop strong coping strategies and thrive.

For expert insights, support services, and inclusive learning initiatives, visit the India Autism Center.

March 27, 2024

Tag: autism awareness

Non-Verbal Learning Disorder vs Autism: Differences & Similarities

Non-Verbal Learning Disorder vs Autism Spectrum Disorder

What Is Non-Verbal Learning Disorder?

The Paradox of NVLD

Is NVLD Recognized as a Formal Diagnosis?

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Is A Spectrum

NVLD vs Autism: Comparing Traits Head-to-Head

Understanding the Overlap Between NVLD and Autism

Trouble with Motor Skills

Fluent Speakers, Missed Messages

Friendship That Doesn’t Quite Land

Resistance to Change

Facts Without Framework

Meltdowns: Not Defiance, But Overload

High Verbal Ability, Low Functional Support

Parting Words: Find Support That Matches the Pattern

Frequently Asked Questions

Is NVLD a form of autism?

Is NVLD autism?

Is nonverbal learning disorder on the autism spectrum?

Is non-verbal learning disorder on the autism spectrum?

Is NVLD related to autism?

What causes NVLD?

What causes autism?

What’s the difference between non-verbal learning disorder and autism?

Can autism be mistaken for a learning disability?

Can people with NVLD speak?

Do kids with NVLD speak?

Is non-verbal related to autism?

Can a child be nonverbal but not autistic?

What’s the difference between being nonverbal and being autistic?

Do nonverbal autistic children have intelligence?

Can you go nonverbal without autism?

Do nonverbal kids eventually talk?

How to teach a child with NVLD?

How does NVLD affect adults?

What Causes Autism? A Detailed Breakdown (2026)

What Causes Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Role of Genetics In Causing Autism

Role of Brain Development In Autism

What Environmental Factors Cause Autism?

The Prenatal Stage: Influences Before Birth

The Natal Stage: Risk Factors Around Birth

The Postnatal Stage: Early-Life Environmental Influences

Busting the Myths and Misconceptions About What Causes Autism

Myth 1: Something Must Have Gone Wrong

Myth 2: Vaccine Causes Autism

Myth 3: Screen Time and Modern Lifestyles Cause Autism

Myth 4: Older Parents and Late Pregnancy Always Cause Autism

Myth 5: Trauma, Neglect, and Attachment Issues Cause Autism

How Do Genetic Tests and Timing Assessments Work in Autism?

Carrier Screening: Gauging Inherited Risk

Genetic Counseling: Interpreting the Bigger Picture

Prenatal Genetic Testing: Understanding Risk

Parting Words: Letting Perspective Guide Your Next Step

Frequently Asked Questions

Signs of Autism in Newborns: Early Symptoms Explained

What is Autism in Newborns?

Can you tell if a Newborn has Autism?

Signs of Autism in Newborns

1. Delayed Milestones

2. Difficulty with Social Interaction

3. Repetitive Behaviours

Early Signs of Autism in Newborns

Newborn Arching Back Autism: A Red Flag?

Newborn Eye Contact Autism: A Red Flag?

Seeking Professional Guidance

Conclusion

FAQs

ADHD or Autism, how do you know?

But First: Understanding Neurodevelopmental Differences

What Is ADHD?

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Why Are ADHD and Autism Often Confused with Each Other?

ADHD vs Autism: Key Differences Explained

ADHD vs ASD: Can A Child Have Both?

What Does It Look Like When A Child Has Both ADHD and Autism?

Early Signs to Know if Your Child Has ADHD or Autism